APPROACHES TO STUDYING INDIVIDUAL SOLDIER PERFORMANCE AND GROUP INTERACTION IN THE ARMED FORCES

Introduction. Temperament and characters in military personnel. Communicating with people and watching them, you can witness that some of them are calm, others are active, others are quiet and sad, and others are cheerful. Differences between people are explained by differences in their temperaments. (The concept of temperament is derived from the Latin word "temperamentum", which means "mixture" or "proportion of parts". Temperament represents the dynamics of psyche and behavior. Temperament is a set of individual-psychological characteristics that are manifested in the general mobility of each person in the speed and strength of the emergence of emotions. It is an innate quality of a person. Discussion results. The famous Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov explains the reasons for the variety of temperaments in his teaching on the types of higher nervous activity. According to him, the basis of temperament is the activity of the shell of the cerebral hemispheres. The processes of excitation and inhibition in the cortex of the brain are manifested with different strength in different people, and these processes also have the characteristics of mobility and stability. The strength of nervous impulses is determined by the following qualities: activity, attentiveness, endurance, emotional stability, and the ability to work even in adverse conditions. Stability is expressed in the uniform manifestation of behavior. Instability is characterized by qualities such as lack of self-control. Ability to quickly change skills and habits, as well as easily adapt to new conditions, are signs of mobility. When nervous processes are weak, a person experiences rapid fatigue, emotional instability, and lack of self-control in difficult situations. These features of the nervous process combine to form the types of the nervous system. These types, in turn, form the physiological basis of 4 temperaments. A choleric type of temperament corresponds to a strong, excitable, angry, enthusiastic, full of clear gestures and facial expressions, unstable type; Strong, mobile, instability of feelings - to sanguine temperament; Less active, inert type - phlegmatic temperament, it is not easy to get a phlegmatic person out of the usual calm state. He is not in a hurry to move and speak, his facial expressions are also expressive, his movements are slow; A weak type corresponds to a melancholic temperament, which is characterized by a relatively low variety of emotions and their slow emergence. Emotions are almost invisible from the outside. Not much bothers a melancholic person, but when feelings do arise, they are usually deep, lasting, and intense. A melancholic person often has a sad mood. Although temperament is considered a stable characteristic of a person, it can change in the course of a person's life and work. Forming a stable character, being able to control one's temperament are the main forms of temperament development. It is necessary to take into account the temperament of military personnel in educational and educational work. Knowing the temperaments of the soldiers under their command will help the commanders to understand the behavior and actions of the soldiers, as well as to correctly determine the means of educational influence. Timely educational influence and proper organization of soldiers' activities will help to manifest this or that temperament in a positive way. For example, it is possible to increase the response reaction in phlegmatics, in cholerics it is possible to lose instability, and in melancholics it is possible to create a feeling of self-confidence. These are formed by the emergence of skills, habits, and skills in relation to self-management. Studies have shown that sanguine and choleric temperament types adapt to military life faster, and phlegmatic and melancholic types, on the contrary, adapt with difficulty. We turn to examples. A soldier with a choleric temperament is characterized by instability, lack of self-control, speed of reactions, lively facial expressions and mobility. Choleric, according to I.P. Pavlov, is clearly a fighting type, he is easily and quickly agitated. Adapts to new life conditions without difficulty, communicates easily with people around. He is not afraid of the obstacles that appear in new conditions, he shows that he is an enthusiastic activity owner and inventiveness, and also quickly becomes a team leader. Such a person can actively start work and cool down at the end of it. He is bored by slow, monotonous movements. He is passionate and prone to sudden actions. Experiments show that a person with a choleric temperament is more excited than necessary before completing a task. This can have a negative impact on shooting training and combat duty. Sanguine temperament is characteristic of restrained people. His actions are slower than choleric, but this type quickly adapts to new conditions. The sanguine soldier quickly joins the team with his optimism and practicality. He quickly gets to know his colleagues and establishes friendly relations. A person with a phlegmatic temperament is restrained, less active and calm. He is characterized by weak emotional arousal. He thinks about future actions for a long time, has difficulty making decisions, adapts to new conditions of life with difficulty and slowly. But he shows determination and endurance at work. Phlegmatic is not inclined to friendship, that is, prefers solitude more. A person with a melancholic temperament is characterized by not joining others and not taking initiative. The process of getting used to it is difficult. He is satisfied with making a couple of friends, and responds to the abuses committed against him by absorbing them. They harbor resentments for a long time and live with lingering feelings. Personality traits such as self-esteem, self-love, self-understanding, desire for independence, and community are greatly influenced by temperament. The stronger the character of a person, the more clearly his attitude towards the community or individual people is manifested. Is it possible to change the temperament? The probability of changing the temperament is very small compared to the formation of moral and other qualities. This situation is explained by the dependence of temperament on the types of the nervous system. The types of the nervous system do not change. The problems of character and its education in military personnel are also among the current issues. Character has a special place among characteristics such as the orientation, temperament, and abilities of a person. This is explained by the fact that stable features of human psychology are synthesized in character. Character as a personality trait is a set of stable mental aspects that affect all aspects of a person's behavior and express his individuality. Moral aspects are distinguished in the structure of character: public, correctness, truthfulness, quick access to communication, emotional aspects, trust, dedication, admiration, vitality, volitional aspects, simplicity, determination, independence, discipline, mental qualities, quickness understanding, resourcefulness, etc. Human character has many aspects, which can be classified (classified) in a certain order. The first group includes aspects of character, attitude to society, civil and military duty: sense of responsibility, love for one's country, hatred of enemies; to the second group, the attitude towards work, diligence, conscientiousness, ambition, laziness, or, on the contrary, laziness; to the third group, a person's attitude to other people, quick communication, vigilance, humaneness or rudeness; the fourth group includes such things as a person's self-relation, self-criticism, humility or, on the contrary, pride and slander. Characters are divided into such types as strong and weak, public and selfish, purposeful and conflicted, silent and kindhearted. The character of each person includes individual and general aspects. By generality, we understand the qualities characteristic of a group of individuals, society. The common features of the character of the citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan are as follows: love for the motherland, hard work, sense of community, etc. The general qualities characteristic of an individual character depend on a person's life path, the social and natural environment that surrounds him, the type of nervous system characteristic of him, and other factors. There is a relationship between temperament and character, as well as phenomena and symptoms of interaction. The manifestation and development of certain aspects of character depend on temperament. For example, a choleric person develops self-confidence quickly, while a phlegmatic person may experience stagnation or hesitancy. Separate stable features of temperament are part of character according to their essence. In addition, temperament can change under the influence of character. How to learn character? Does appearance always reflect character? Absolutely! Very calm, gentle, a person can have a strong, socially oriented character, and a weak, selfish character can be hidden under beautiful words. A person's look, step, mannerisms, gestures, tone of speech, facial expression can only be an auxiliary "source" for studying character. Human character is first of all expressed in his actions. It is possible to talk about a person's character by observing his behavior and analyzing his activities. Participating in combat shootings and shootings during field training is a leading type of activity for military personnel. For the commander, the main activities are training and leading people. Also, a person's life path, biography, and his relationships in social ethics can give a lot about his character. Certain character flaws (laziness, indiscipline, partiality, etc.) destroy the work of educating soldiers in the spirit of national independence ideas. Negative elements of character can appear in some soldiers both before military service and during military service. This is due to failures in studies and service. Eliminating this or that defect in a soldier's character is an important task of educational work. It should be remembered that human character is not just a mechanical sum of individual aspects. The strength of character is manifested in the consistent and determined struggle to achieve the goal. A soldier with a strong character can keep himself in a psychologically stable state for a long time. In such a soldier, words and deeds are always one. Summary Currently, the armies of many countries use tests to determine the abilities of military personnel. There is no doubt that this method will be useful in peacetime conditions. However, in unexpected situations, this method is not always effective for a period of full war. Because, in extreme conditions, the human psyche, including its abilities, can undergo certain changes. An officer's knowledge of abilities allows not only to assess the abilities of his subordinates, but also to develop them in the right direction. Formation of abilities of military personnel is carried out on the basis of a certain plan from the first day of their service. In this, the analysis of the mistakes made by the soldier during the training process plays a big role. It is important to remember that a number of blunders in action ultimately stem from one common cause of incompetence on the part of the serviceman. An incompetent soldier would perform worse under the same conditions. An individual approach to it is necessary, which ensures significant success only when a military serviceman is thoroughly studied.